Who is credited with developing Duty Ethics based on reason and the concept of duty?

Immanuel Kant is credited with developing Duty Ethics, often referred to as deontological ethics, which is foundational in moral philosophy. Kant's ethical framework emphasizes the importance of duty and adherence to moral laws that are derived from reason.

He argues that actions are morally right if they are done out of a sense of duty and in accordance with universal maxims, meaning that one should act only according to principles that could be willed as a universal law. This approach is characterized by the belief that moral duties are binding regardless of the consequences, contrasting with consequentialist theories that evaluate the morality of actions based on their outcomes.

Kant's categorical imperative is crucial to his philosophy, as it systematically guides individuals in determining their obligations. This principle underscores the significance of rational deliberation in ethical decision-making and the necessity of acting out of respect for moral laws. Understanding Kant's emphasis on duty and reason provides insight into the foundations of ethical reasoning and the development of moral philosophy.